SPRING FESTIVAL ON MOUNT TAPALA

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SPRING FESTIVAL ON MOUNT TAPALA (Hittite: ma-a-an LUGAL-uš ḫa-me-eš-ḫi I-NA ḪUR.SAGTa-pa-la pa-iz-zi “When the king goes to Mount Tapala in the spring” (KUB 10.26 I 1–2; KBo 52.184 IV 8-9; KBo 67.255 1–2)) — the Hittite spring festival which is generally considered to be the part of the great festival of AN.TAḪ.ŠUM, as the rituals of the 28th (later – 29th or 30th) days of AN.TAḪ.ŠUM festival were performed on Mount Tapala. However, the description of this local festival (CTH 593) includes the night rituals in its middle which implies the duration of the festival was at least two days. All known fragments of the festival description are written in New and Late New Hittite Script. The rituals were performed in the temporary tents and restricted to Mount Tapala. This mountain should lie near Ḫattuša.

The description of the festival starts with the arrival of the Hittite king to the camp at Mount Tapala, accompanied by purification rituals, the slaughter of sacrificial animals, chanting, and jester’s exclamations. Later the entrails of the sacrificial animals placed on the special kinds of bread are delivered to the festival gods, after that the ceremony participants consumpt the same food with wine whereas the king performs the ritual in the inner chamber. The diviners participate in the night rituals. On the next day, the feature of the sacrifice rituals is the accompaniment with singing in different languages (Hattian, Hurrian, and Hittite). The most important ritual performer on the first day is the king whereas, on the second day, he acts together with the queen.

The main festival god is the Tutelary Deity of Mount Tapala. We can see among the recipients Pleiades, Maliya, Wašumma-Kuršalla, Zitḫaiya, Nergal, and Ḫepat, many of them act as the tutelary deities also. Some gods like Maliya could have the Kizzuwatnean origin, and the mixed nature of the festival pantheon is typical for the Empire period. The most of songs were chanted in Hittite or Hattian, but as Ḫepat is the Hurrian deity the song for her was chanted in Hurrian.

Sources:

CTH 593. URL:https://www.hethport.uni-wuerzburg.de/hetkonk/hetkonk_abfrage.php?c=593

Bibliography:

Galmarini N. Uno studio sulla formazione e la tradizione del testo della festa ittita dell’AN.TAḪ.ŠUMSAR: i casi di CTH 615, 616 e 618. Diss. Roma, 2013.

 

Tags: Ancient Minor Asia, Vladimir Shelestin, Festivals